If you are 'locked' to the AC controllers you presently have then using incandescent bulbs is your best path I think especially if dimming. Although, depending upon bulb failures you may find the need to upgrade your display sooner than you think. Looking through the last Christmas big box...
I would suggest fusing each segment. Fuse protection isn't just for the strip or string but protection for the cabling from the supply to the power injection points too. As @Skymaster indicated, strip resistance plays a role in fuse 'opening' depending upon where a fault in either the strip...
Yes. A data wire runs from the DO (Data Out) of one pixel to the DI (Data In) of the next pixel. Trying to check data line continuity from the ends of the string is not possible due to the internal circuitry of all of the pixels. This is also the case with 4 wire pixels that have a backup...
Due to the rather short length tested, please note that it is expected that there is or could be a fair amount of error in the calculated Ohm/1000' (tested length approximately 1 Meter instead of the more typical 5 Meter).
Data recorded beginning at 0.2 Volt increasing to 12.6 Volt. Lower 'knee' of the curve aligns with the illumination of the LEDS. Red illuminated first. Also to maintain accuracy, only a single pixel was powered and voltage was measured as close to the pixel as practical, at approximately 2 inch.
The ultrasonics I've worked with (in industry) were a bit prone to false triggering which with pixels might not be a problem. Units too close together also caused problems. Sensing field width relative to distance was another concern. I would as you mentioned set a couple up on a bench and...
The controller does adjust the voltage the string sees. A bit of research of SCR or Triac theory will give you a better understanding of controlling voltage (and indirectly, current) via on/off control of a AC waveform.